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Vegetation & site preparation

Forestry tillers

Works below the soil surface — and should not be confused with an agricultural rotary hoe.

2 benchmark machines6 buying criteria2 buying traps

Forestry tillers operate below the soil surface. They destroy root systems, incorporate stumps, break compacted ground, prepare planting sites, reclaim plantations and mix woody residue into soil.

They should not be confused with ordinary agricultural rotary hoes. A forestry tiller is built to process woody material and rock at depth, and the gearboxes, rotors and tooling reflect that.

What it does

  • Cuts and mixes woody residue into the soil profile
  • Destroys root systems in place
  • Breaks compaction from harvesting traffic
  • Prepares a plantable seedbed
  • Processes surface rock where the machine is configured for it

Who profitably buys one

  • Plantation re-establishment contractors
  • Land reclamation contractors
  • Orchard and vineyard removal operators
  • Civil and development contractors converting forested land

Market context

The forestry tillers market in Australia

Forestry tillers work below the soil surface, destroying root systems, incorporating stumps, breaking harvesting compaction and preparing plantable ground. They are not agricultural rotary hoes, and the gearboxes, rotors and tooling reflect that.

In Australian plantation re-establishment they usually form part of a sequence rather than an alternative: stump treatment, then slash treatment, then tillage or mounding, then planting. Western Australia's continuing softwood establishment programme — around 4,800 hectares of new softwood plantation in 2024-25, the largest state contribution that year — supports genuine demand for this class.

Multifunction machines combining mulching, tilling and rock crushing exist for reclamation work where a site contains standing vegetation, stumps, roots and rock together and buying three machines makes no sense.

Published specifications

Benchmark machines in the Australian market

Indicative published manufacturer and distributor figures. Confirm every specification, lift chart and hydraulic requirement with the manufacturer or authorised dealer before purchase.

The current Australian FAE forestry tiller classes, by tractor power, woody material capacity and working depth.

SSL100-220 hp · ~300 mm material · ~300 mm depth
SSM170-300 hp · ~500 mm material · ~400 mm depth
SSH160-500 hp · ~700 mm material · ~500 mm depth
200/S/PM250-300 hp · ~300 mm material · ~300 mm depth
300/S/PM250-400 hp · ~500 mm material · ~400 mm depth

FAE SFM multifunction

Brand profile →

Combines mulcher, tiller and rock crusher in a 160-300 hp tractor attachment — attractive to reclamation contractors where finish quality matters more than maximum forestry production.

Tractor power160-300 hp
Maximum trees~350 mm
Maximum stumps~450 mm
Maximum stone~200 mm
FunctionsMulcher + tiller + rock crusher

Model pages

Specific machines in this class

Full published specifications, commercial fit, and what to verify before signing — for each machine.

Side by side

Comparison

FAE forestry tiller classes
ModelTractor powerMax woody materialDepth
SSL100-220 hp~300 mm~300 mm
SSM170-300 hp~500 mm~400 mm
SSH160-500 hp~700 mm~500 mm
200/S/PM250-300 hp~300 mm~300 mm
300/S/PM250-400 hp~500 mm~400 mm

Measurement

How this machine should be judged

These are the numbers that determine whether the purchase works. Specification sheets rarely contain any of them.

Hectares per day
The commercial unit for establishment and reclamation contracts.
Cost per hectare
Total operating cost ÷ completed hectares at the required standard.
Passes required
A second pass is a doubling of cost that clients rarely pay for.
Tooth wear per hectare
Driven by rock content more than by woody material.

Before you request quotes

Buying criteria

Assemble every one of these before contacting a supplier. Any line you cannot answer is where your commercial risk sits.

  • Available PTO horsepower and tractor ballast
  • Required working depth for the establishment specification
  • Stump density and residual woody material on site
  • Rock content, which dominates tooth and gearbox wear
  • Whether one machine must also mulch and crush rock
  • Travel speed achievable at the required depth

What goes wrong

Buying traps

Each of these is a documented pattern, not a hypothetical.

Ownership

Consumables and wear items

Cost drivers

  • PTO horsepower and tractor fuel
  • Tooth wear
  • Gearbox loading
  • Rock content
  • Working depth
  • Number of passes
  • Travel speed

Price these before signing

  • Teeth and holders
  • Gearbox oil
  • Drive components

Obtain consumable prices at quotation stage and model annual expenditure. Use the dealer quote checklist.

What it actually costs

Cost structure and the variables that move it

Purchase price is the smallest part of most forestry equipment decisions. These are the variables that decide what the machine costs per unit of saleable production.

Tiller economics are governed by hectares per day inside the establishment window, and by rock. PTO horsepower, working depth, travel speed and number of passes form a single system — under-power any element and depth is not achieved, which means a second pass or a failed specification.

Rock content dominates tooth wear and gearbox loading, and is the variable most often under-assessed at survey.

Cost drivers, their effect, and what you can do about them
Cost driverEffect on your economicsHow to control it
Rock contentThe dominant driver of tooth wear and gearbox loading, and the most under-assessed.Survey for rock properly. A missed assessment destroys the quoted cost per hectare.
PTO horsepower and ballastUnder-powering means depth is not achieved, not merely that work is slower.Match tractor power and ballast to the required working depth, not to the head's minimum rating.
Working depthDepth drives draft, fuel and wear non-linearly.Confirm the depth the establishment specification actually requires.
Number of passesA second pass doubles the cost base without doubling the rate.Verify single-pass capability at required depth during demonstration.
Establishment windowHectares completed inside the window is the only measure that counts.Size the outfit to the window, not to average daily productivity.

Model these against your own contracted hours rather than accepting a generic hourly rate — the machine cost calculator works the arithmetic with your figures, and the bottleneck analyser shows whether the machine is the constraint at all.

Worked situations

Three buyers, three different right answers

The same machine class suits very different businesses in very different configurations. These are the situations that recur.

1

Plantation re-establishment after clearfell

The situation
Harvested coupe with residual stumps and slash, compacted by harvesting traffic, planting window fixed.
What usually works
A tiller matched to available PTO power and required depth, following slash treatment. Hectares per day inside the window governs the specification.
The trade-off
Higher power and depth capability cost more and may be unnecessary on lighter sites.
Ask the supplier
What hectares per day does this achieve at our required depth, in our soil?
2

Orchard or vineyard removal

The situation
Removing an established planting with dense root systems for conversion.
What usually works
A tiller that processes root systems in place, avoiding the extraction and disposal cost of shearing.
The trade-off
Root material remains in the profile, which may not suit all subsequent land uses.
Ask the supplier
Does the end use accept incorporated root material, or must it be removed?
3

Mixed reclamation site with rock

The situation
A site containing standing vegetation, stumps, roots and surface stone.
What usually works
A multifunction machine combining mulching, tilling and rock crushing avoids three separate mobilisations.
The trade-off
Less productive at any single function than a dedicated head.
Ask the supplier
What is the realistic output at each function on a site like ours?

Local conditions

Australian considerations

Specification sheets are written for global markets. These are the factors that change the answer here.

Rock is the Australian variable

Surface and subsurface stone across many Australian establishment sites dominates tooth and gearbox cost. Survey properly: this single factor determines whether a cost per hectare holds.

Establishment windows are unforgiving

Equipment should be evaluated on hectares completed during the available planting window. A machine 20 per cent more productive that arrives after the window closes has no commercial value at all.

WA establishment supports the class

Western Australia recorded approximately 4,800 hectares of new softwood plantation establishment in 2024-25, the largest state contribution that year, which sustains demand for site preparation capacity beyond harvesting.

Warning signs

Red flags in the sales conversation

None of these are proof of a bad supplier. All of them are reasons to keep asking.

  • No rock assessment before a cost per hectare is quoted
  • Working depth quoted without reference to available PTO power and ballast
  • Single-pass capability asserted but not demonstrated at required depth
  • A tiller offered as equivalent to an agricultural rotary hoe

Before you sign

Forestry tiller buyer checklist

Any line you cannot answer is where your commercial risk sits. Take this to the supplier meeting.

  • Available PTO horsepower and tractor ballast
  • Required working depth from the establishment specification
  • Stump density and residual woody material on site
  • Rock content from an actual survey, surface and subsurface
  • Whether one machine must also mulch and crush rock
  • Travel speed achievable at the required depth
  • Hectares per day, and whether the establishment window can be met
  • Tooth, holder and gearbox service costs

For the full procurement sequence, see the commercial procurement checklist and what a dealer quote should include.

Common questions

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a forestry tiller and a rotary hoe?

A forestry tiller is built to process woody material and rock at depth, with gearboxes, rotors and tooling specified for that duty. An agricultural rotary hoe is built for cultivated soil. Using a hoe on stumps and roots damages it; the two are not interchangeable despite the visual similarity.

What tractor power do I need for a forestry tiller?

Ranges sold locally span roughly 100-220 hp, 170-300 hp and 160-500 hp classes, with working depths from about 300 mm to 500 mm and woody material capacity from 300 mm to 700 mm. Match power and ballast to the depth you need — under-powering means depth is not achieved rather than simply slower work.

Mulcher or tiller for site preparation?

A mulcher treats what is above the soil; a tiller treats what is in it. If the specification mentions planting, compaction relief or root systems, a mulcher alone will not meet it. In plantation re-establishment the two are usually sequential rather than alternative.

How much does forestry tilling cost per hectare?

It is driven by working depth, rock content, stump density and number of passes rather than by area alone. Rock content is the single largest variable and the most often under-assessed at survey. Establish the depth specification and survey for stone before quoting, and price a second pass explicitly if depth cannot be achieved in one.

Elsewhere on this site

Where this class comes up

The comparisons, buyer profiles and fleet packages that turn on this machine.

See also

Related machine classes